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背景需求

完成作业的同时练习爬虫，利用Xpath匹配出需要爬取的内容；

需要爬取的新闻界面

需要爬取的信息

实现代码

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Time    : 2019/3/13 13:08# @Author  : cunyu# @Site    : cunyu1943.github.io# @File    : NetaseNewsSpider.py# @Software: PyCharmimport requestsfrom lxml import etreeimport xlwtheaders = {   	"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.75 Safari/537.36"}# 根据url获取刚网页中的新闻详情页的网址列表def getNewsDetailUrlList(url):	"""	:param url: 每页的URL	:return newDetailList:每页包含的新闻详情URL	"""	response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)	html = response.content.decode('gbk')	selector = etree.HTML(html)	newsDetailList = selector.xpath('//ul[@id="news-flow-content"]//li//div[@class="titleBar clearfix"]//h3//a/@href')	return newsDetailList# 获取新闻标题def getNewsTitle(detailUrl):	"""	:param detailUrl:新闻详情url	:return newsTitle:新闻标题	"""	response = requests.get(detailUrl, headers=headers)	html = response.content.decode('gbk')	selector = etree.HTML(html)	newsTitle = selector.xpath('//div[@class="post_content_main"]//h1/text()')	return newsTitle# 获取新闻详情内容def getNewsContent(detailUrl):	"""	:param detailUrl: 新闻详情url	:return newsContent: 新闻内容详情	"""	response = requests.get(detailUrl, headers=headers)	html = response.content.decode('gbk')	selector = etree.HTML(html)	newsContent = selector.xpath('//div[@class="post_text"]//p/text()')	return newsContent# 将新闻标题和内容写入文件	TODO# 获取翻页网址列表def getUrlList(baseUrl, num):	"""	:param baseUrl:基础网址	:param num: 翻到第几页	:return urlList: 翻页网址列表	"""	urlList = []	urlList.append(baseUrl)	for i in range(2, num+1):		urlList.append(baseUrl + "_" + str(i).zfill(2))	return urlListif __name__ == '__main__':	baseUrl = "http://tech.163.com/special/gd2016"	num = int(input('输入你要爬取的页数: '))	urlList = getUrlList(baseUrl, num)	print(urlList)	detailUrl = []	for url in urlList:		for i in getNewsDetailUrlList(url):			detailUrl.append(i)	print(detailUrl)	print(getNewsTitle(detailUrl[0]))	print(getNewsContent(detailUrl[0]))	# # 将爬取的文本存入文本文件	# with open('news.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f, open('newsTitle.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as titleFile,\	# 		open('newsContent.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as contentFile:	# 	print('正在爬取中。。。')	# 	for i in detailUrl:	# 		f.write(''.join(getNewsTitle(i)))	# 		f.write('\n')	# 		f.write(''.join(getNewsContent(i)))	# 		f.write('\n')	# 	# 		titleFile.write(''.join(getNewsTitle(i)))	# 		titleFile.write('\n')	# 	# 		contentFile.write(''.join(getNewsContent(i)))	# 		contentFile.write('\n')	# 	# print('文件写入成功')	# 将爬取得文本存入excel文件	# 创建一个Excel文件	workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')	news_sheet = workbook.add_sheet('news')	news_sheet.write(0, 0, 'Title')	news_sheet.write(0, 1, 'Content')	print('正在爬取中。。。')	for i in range(len(detailUrl)):		# print(detailUrl[i])		news_sheet.write(i + 1, 0, getNewsTitle(detailUrl[i]))		news_sheet.write(i + 1, 1, getNewsContent(detailUrl[i]))	# 将写入操作保存到指定Excel文件中	workbook.save('网易新闻.xls')	print('文件写入成功')

结果

• 代码运行结果

  

• 保存的文件

总结

总体来说比较简单，代码也存在需要改进的地方，后续会改进更新，有其他想法的也可以相互交流！

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